Sorry for the delay, have been a bit busy, I will try to finish the training part today so that for people who need info there is one resource
Nutrition For Dairying – lets see what I learnt about the feed for the animals
Before we start there is 1 thing we need to note, monocot and dicot – what is it and difference
Monocot: the cereals which does not break into 2 – example: maize, bajra, wheat, rice, ragi, millet….
Dicot: cereals which are formed by pairs, easily break into 2 – example horsegram, cowpea, beans, groundnut and so on
Lets look at some balanced feeding components:
- Water: about 90%; got from drinking water and greenfodder
- Carbohydrates: fodder crops – monocot (monocot crops are rich in carbohydrates)
- Proteins: Dicot fodder crops, pulses and feed cakes
- Fat: Oil seeds and their cakes
- Vitamins/Minerals: green fodder
- Fibre: Fodder crops – lack of fibre leads to constipation
Green Fodder:
While cutting the fodder crops, keep in mind that they should be cut during the flowering stage (or just before flowering). Young plants are full of water…… flowering stage is best…… yielded plants – all nutrients are in seeds/fruits
Annual crops: sow once – cut once then sow seeds again……
Perennial crops: sow once – cut multiple times
Annual Monocot examples: African tall maize, maize, bajra, oats
Perennial Monocot examples: Guinea grass, Rhodes grass, Co.F.S 29 jowar, napier
Annual Dicot examples: Cowpea. Horsegram, velvet beans
Perennial Dicot examples: Lucerne, Hedge Lucerne, Stylosanthesis
Dray fodder:
Almost same varieties, dried so that about 75% nutrients remain in the crop, water components evaporate.
Concentrate feed:
Monocot: Maize, wheat, rice, bajra, ragi, millet
Dicot: coverings of various grams, groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, coconut cake
The mixture ratio rule is → 60% monocot + 40% dicot for all variety (green, dry or conc mix)
I was told it is better to milk while you give the conc feed.
Now let us know about calculating the feeding quantity:
Feed is given for 2 reasons
- Body maintainence
- Production of milk
Maintenance approx. – 1.5 to 2 kgs
Production of milk: 1 kg for producing 2.5ltr milk (in cows)
During pregnancy add 0.5kg upto 6 months and add 1kg from 7th month
Self growth: Add about 0.5kg extra for young cows
I have taken an example for a cow yielding 15ltrs of milk
Milk production only: 8 kgs
a. Maintenance : 2kg
b. Milk production : 6kg (which is 15/2.5)
Pregnant cows: 8kgs as per above calculation plus
a. Add 0.5kg upto 6 months = 8.5kgs
b. Add 1kg from 7th month = 9kgs
Simple formula to calculate: 50% of milk production in a day + pregnant feed + self growth
Which is for 15ltrs a day: 7.5 kgs + preg feed + about 0.5 to 1kg additional